Na dogon lokaci, ana amfani da nau'ikan samfuran filastik daban-daban a cikin rayuwar mazauna.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da ci gaba da sababbin nau'o'i irin su kasuwancin e-commerce, bayarwa na bayyanawa, da kuma ɗaukar kaya, amfani da akwatunan abincin rana na filastik da marufi na filastik ya tashi da sauri, wanda ya haifar da sabon albarkatu da matsa lamba na muhalli.Zubar da sharar filastik ba zato ba tsammani zai haifar da "fararen gurɓatawa", kuma akwai haɗarin muhalli a cikin rashin kulawa da sharar filastik.Don haka, nawa kuka sani game da abubuwan da ake amfani da su na lalata robobi?
01 Menene filastik?Filastik wani nau'i ne na babban fili na kwayoyin halitta, wanda shine jumla ta gabaɗaya don cika, filastik, masu launin launi da sauran kayan ƙirƙirar thermoplastic, kuma yana cikin dangi na manyan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.
02 Rarraba robobi Dangane da halaye na filastik bayan yin gyare-gyare, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'ikan robobin abu guda biyu:thermoplastic da thermosetting.Thermoplastic wani nau'i ne na sigar sikirin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke yin laushi bayan an gama zafi kuma yana iya maimaita samfurin sau da yawa.Filastik ɗin thermoset ɗin yana da tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta na cibiyar sadarwa, wanda ya zama nakasu na dindindin bayan an sarrafa shi da zafi kuma ba za a iya sarrafa shi akai-akai da kwafi ba.
03 Menene robobi gama gari a rayuwa?
Kayayyakin filastik na yau da kullun a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun sun haɗa da: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) da polyester (PET).Amfanin su shine:
Ana amfani da robobi na polyethylene (PE, gami da HDPE da LDPE) azaman kayan tattarawa;Ana amfani da filastik polypropylene (PP) sau da yawa azaman kayan tattarawa da akwatunan juyawa, da sauransu;Ana amfani da filastik polystyrene (PS) azaman matattarar kumfa da akwatunan abincin abincin azumi, da sauransu;Polyvinyl chloride filastik (PVC) galibi ana amfani dashi azaman kayan wasan yara, kwantena, da sauransu;Ana amfani da filastik polyester (PET) sau da yawa don yin kwalabe na abin sha, da sauransu.
Filastik yana ko'ina
04 Ina duk robobin sharar gida suka tafi?Bayan an jefar da robobi, akwai wurare huɗu da za a je-ƙonawa, zubar da ƙasa, sake yin amfani da su, da muhallin yanayi.Wani rahoton bincike da Roland Geyer da Jenna R. Jambeck suka buga a cikin Science Advances a shekarar 2017 ya nuna cewa a shekarar 2015, mutane sun samar da tan biliyan 8.3 na kayayyakin robobi a cikin shekaru 70 da suka wuce, inda aka yi watsi da ton biliyan 6.3.Kusan kashi 9% na su ana sake yin fa'ida, kashi 12% ana kona su, kuma kashi 79% an cika su ne ko kuma a jefar da su.
Filastik abubuwa ne na ɗan adam waɗanda ke da wahalar ruɓewa da ruɓewa a hankali a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi.Idan ya shiga rumbun, sai ya dauki kimanin shekaru 200 zuwa 400 kafin ya ragu, wanda hakan zai rage karfin zubar da shara;idan an ƙone shi kai tsaye, zai haifar da mummunar gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi ga muhalli.Lokacin da aka ƙone robobi, ba kawai ana samar da hayaki mai yawa na baƙar fata ba, har ma ana samar da dioxins.Ko da a cikin ƙwararrun masana'antar ƙona sharar gida, ya zama dole a kula da zafin jiki sosai (sama da 850 ° C), sannan a tattara tokar gardawa bayan an ƙone shi, sannan a ƙarfafa shi don share ƙasa.Ta wannan hanyar ne kawai iskar hayaƙin hayaƙi da masana'antar ƙonawa za ta iya cika ka'idar EU 2000, Don rage gurɓataccen muhalli.
Sharar ta ƙunshi dattin filastik da yawa, kuma ƙonewa kai tsaye yana da sauƙi don samar da dioxin, carcinogen mai ƙarfi.
Idan aka watsar da su zuwa yanayin yanayi, baya ga haifar da gurbatar gani ga mutane, za su kuma haifar da illoli da yawa ga muhalli: misali, 1. yana shafar ci gaban aikin gona.Lokacin lalacewa na samfuran filastik a halin yanzu ana amfani da su a cikin ƙasarmu yawanci yana ɗaukar shekaru 200.Fina-finan noma sharar gida da buhunan robobi a cikin gonaki an bar su a cikin filin na dogon lokaci.Ana hada kayayyakin robobi na shara a cikin kasa kuma suna taruwa akai-akai, wanda hakan zai shafi shayar da ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki ta amfanin gona da hana noman amfanin gona.Ci gaba, yana haifar da raguwar amfanin gona da tabarbarewar yanayin ƙasa.2. Barazana ga rayuwar dabbobi.Sharar da kayayyakin robobin da aka jefar a kasa ko a cikin ruwa dabbobi ne ke hadiye su a matsayin abinci, abin da ke kai ga mutuwa.
Whales da suka mutu ta hanyar cin abinci ba da gangan ba 80 jakar filastik (mai nauyin kilo 8)
Kodayake sharar filastik yana da illa, ba "mummunan" ba ne.Ƙarfinsa mai lalacewa galibi yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin sake amfani da shi.Ana iya sake yin amfani da robobi da sake yin amfani da su azaman albarkatun kasa don kera robobi, kayan samar da zafi da samar da wutar lantarki, mai da sharar gida ta zama taska.Wannan ita ce hanya mafi dacewa don zubar da robobi.
05 Menene fasahohin sake amfani da robobi na sharar gida?
Mataki na farko: tarin daban.
Wannan shi ne mataki na farko na maganin dattin robobi, wanda ke sauƙaƙe amfani da shi daga baya.
Filayen da ake watsar da su a lokacin da ake samarwa da sarrafa robobi, irin su ragowar, kayayyakin waje da na sharar gida, suna da iri guda, babu gurbacewa da tsufa, ana iya tattarawa a sarrafa su daban.
Hakanan za'a iya sake yin amfani da ɓangarorin robobin sharar da aka fitar a cikin tsarin zagayawa daban, kamar fim ɗin PVC na aikin gona, fim ɗin PE, da kayan sheathing na USB na PVC.
Yawancin robobin sharar gida sharar gida ne.Baya ga hadadden nau'in robobi, ana kuma cakude su da gurbatacciyar iska, da tambari da wasu kayan hade daban-daban.
Mataki na biyu: murkushewa da rarrabawa.
Lokacin da aka murƙushe robobin da aka sharar, sai a zaɓi na'urar da ta dace daidai da yanayinta, kamar na'urar busar da ruwa guda ɗaya ko biyu ko na ƙarƙashin ruwa gwargwadon taurinsa.Matsayin murkushewa ya bambanta sosai bisa ga buƙatu.Girman 50-100mm yana murƙushewa, girman 10-20mm yana da kyau murkushewa, kuma girman da ke ƙasa 1mm yana da kyau murkushewa.
Akwai dabarun rabuwa da yawa, kamar hanyar electrostatic, hanyar maganadisu, hanyar sieving, hanyar iska, takamaiman hanyar nauyi, hanyar flotation, hanyar rabuwar launi, hanyar rabuwar X-ray, hanyar rabuwa ta kusa-infrared, da sauransu.
Mataki na uku: sake amfani da albarkatu.
Fasahar sake amfani da robobin shara ta ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:
1. Sake yin amfani da robobin datti na gauraye kai tsaye
Cakudan robobin sharar gida galibi polyolefins ne, kuma an yi nazarin fasahar sake amfani da shi sosai, amma sakamakon bai yi kyau ba.
2. Yin aiki a cikin albarkatun filastik
Sake sarrafa robobin da ba su da sauƙi masu sauƙi da aka tattara zuwa cikin albarkatun robobi shine fasahar sake yin amfani da ita, galibi ana amfani da ita don resins na thermoplastic.Za a iya amfani da albarkatun albarkatun robobin da aka sake fa'ida a matsayin albarkatun kasa don tattarawa, gini, kayan aikin gona da masana'antu.Masana'antun daban-daban suna amfani da fasahar haɓaka mai zaman kanta a cikin tsarin sarrafawa, wanda zai iya ba samfuran aiki na musamman.
3. Yin aiki a cikin samfuran filastik
Yin amfani da fasahar da aka ambata a sama don sarrafa albarkatun robobi, robobi iri ɗaya ko daban-daban ana yin su kai tsaye zuwa samfuran.Gabaɗaya, samfuran biyu ne masu kauri, kamar faranti ko sanduna.
4. Amfani da wutar lantarki
Ana ware robobin da ke cikin sharar gari da kona su don samar da tururi ko samar da wutar lantarki.Fasahar tana da ɗan girma.Tanderun konewa sun haɗa da tanderun rotary, ƙayyadaddun tanderun wuta, da tanderun da ke ɓarna.Haɓaka ɗakin konewa na biyu da ci gaban fasahar sarrafa iskar gas ɗin wutsiya sun sa fitar da iskar gas ɗin wutsiya na tsarin dawo da makamashi na robobi na ɓarke ya kai matsayi mai girma.The sharar robobi incineration zafi da lantarki tsarin dole ne su samar da wani babban sikelin samarwa domin samun tattalin arziki fa'ida.
5. Mai
Ƙimar calorific na filastik sharar gida na iya zama 25.08MJ/KG, wanda shine ingantaccen man fetur.Ana iya sanya shi cikin mai mai ƙarfi tare da zafi iri ɗaya, amma abun cikin chlorine yakamata a sarrafa shi ƙasa da 0.4%.Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce a juye robobin sharar gida su zama foda mai kyau ko ƙaramin foda, sa'an nan kuma a haɗa su cikin slurry don man fetur.Idan robobin sharar gida bai ƙunshi chlorine ba, ana iya amfani da man a cikin kiln siminti, da dai sauransu.
6. Bazuwar thermal don yin mai
Bincike a wannan yanki a halin yanzu yana aiki sosai, kuma ana iya amfani da man da aka samu azaman mai ko ɗanyen ɗanyen abu.Akwai nau'i biyu na na'urori masu lalata zafi: ci gaba da katsewa.The bazuwar zafin jiki ne 400-500 ℃, 650-700 ℃, 900 ℃ (co-bazuwar da ci) da kuma 1300-1500 ℃ (partial konewa gasification).Hakanan ana yin nazari akan fasaha irin su bazuwar hydrogenation.
06 Me za mu iya yi wa Uwar Duniya?
1.Don Allah a rage yawan amfani da samfuran filastik da za a iya zubar da su, kamar kayan tebur na filastik, jakunkuna, da sauransu. Waɗannan samfuran filastik da za a iya zubar ba kawai ba su da kyau ga kariyar muhalli, har ma da ɓarnawar albarkatu.
2. Da fatan za a shiga rayayye a cikin rarrabuwar shara, sanya robobin sharar gida a cikin kwantena masu tattarawa, ko isar da su zuwa rukunin sabis na haɗin gwiwar cibiyar sadarwa biyu.ka sani?Ga kowane tan na robobin da aka sake yin amfani da su, ana iya ajiye tan 6 na mai kuma za a iya rage tan 3 na carbon dioxide.Bugu da ƙari, ina da ƙaramin tunatarwa cewa dole ne in gaya wa kowa: za a iya sake yin amfani da robobi mai tsabta, bushe, da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, amma wasu gurɓatacce da gauraye da sauran datti ba za a iya sake yin su ba!Misali, gurbatacciyar jakunkuna (fim), akwatunan abinci mai sauri da za a iya zubarwa don ɗaukar kaya, da gurɓatattun jakunkunan marufi ya kamata a saka su cikin busassun datti.
Lokacin aikawa: Nov-09-2020