No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole o nā huahana plastic disposable i ke ola o nā kamaʻāina.I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano hou e like me ka e-commerce, ka hāʻawi ʻana aku, a me ka lawe ʻana, ua piʻi wikiwiki ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahu ʻaina awakea a me ka paʻi plastik, ka hopena o nā kumuwaiwai hou a me ke kaiapuni.ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpala plastik e hoʻoulu ai i ka "pollution keʻokeʻo", a aia nā pilikia kaiapuni i ka mālama pono ʻole ʻana i ka ʻōpala plastik.No laila, pehea ka nui o kāu ʻike e pili ana i ke kumu o nā palaka ʻōpala?
01 He aha ka plastic?ʻO ka plastic kahi ʻano o nā mea hoʻohuihui molecular kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no ka hoʻopiha, plasticized, waihoʻoluʻu a me nā mea hana thermoplastic ʻē aʻe, a no ka ʻohana o nā polymers organik kiʻekiʻe.
02 Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā plastics E like me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka plastic ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua ʻano mea plastics:thermoplastic a me ka thermosetting.ʻO Thermoplastic kahi ʻano o ke kaulahao linear molecular structure, ka mea palupalu ma hope o ka wela ʻana a hiki ke hana hou i ka huahana i nā manawa he nui.Loaʻa i ka plastic thermosetting kahi ʻano molekalale pūnaewele, e lilo i deformation mau loa ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana e ka wela a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana pinepine ʻia a kope ʻia.
03 He aha nā plastics maʻamau i ke ola?
ʻO nā huahana plastik maʻamau i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā ka nui: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) a me ka polyester (PET).ʻO kā lākou hoʻohana:
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā plastic polyethylene (PE, me HDPE a me LDPE) e like me nā mea hoʻopili;Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka polypropylene plastic (PP) e like me nā mea hoʻopihapiha a me nā pahu huli, etc.;Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka polystyrene plastic (PS) e like me nā cushions foam a me nā pahu meaʻai wikiwiki, etc.;Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka polyvinyl chloride plastic (PVC) e like me nā mea pāʻani, nā ipu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe;Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka polyester plastic (PET) e hana i nā ʻōmole inu, etc.
Aia ka plastik ma nā wahi a pau
04 Ma hea i hele ai nā ʻōpala ʻōpala?Ma hope o ka hoʻolei ʻia ʻana o ka plastic, ʻehā mau wahi e hele ai-incineration, landfill, recycling, a me ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe.Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma Science Advances e Roland Geyer a me Jenna R. Jambeck i 2017 i ka makahiki 2015, ua hana nā kānaka i 8.3 biliona toni o nā huahana plastik i nā makahiki he 70 i hala iho nei, kahi o 6.3 biliona tons i hoʻolei ʻia.Ma kahi o 9% o lākou i hana hou ʻia, 12% i puhi ʻia, a 79% i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻolei ʻia.
ʻO nā plastik nā mea i hana ʻia e ke kanaka i paʻakikī ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻoheheʻe mālie loa ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe.Ke komo ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻōpala, ʻo ia ka 200 a 400 mau makahiki e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai, e hōʻemi ana i ka hiki o ka ʻōpala ke hoʻolei i ka ʻōpala;inā e hoʻopau pono ʻia, e hoʻohaumia ʻia ka lua i ke kaiapuni.Ke puhi ʻia ka plastic, ʻaʻole wale ka nui o ka uahi ʻeleʻele i hana ʻia, akā hana ʻia nā dioxins.ʻOiai i loko o kahi mea kanu ʻōpala ʻona, pono e hoʻomalu pono i ka mahana (ma luna o 850 ° C), a hōʻiliʻili i ka lehu lele ma hope o ka puhi ʻana, a hoʻopaʻa hope iā ia no ka pae ʻāina.Ma kēia ala wale nō e hiki ai i ke kinoea lele i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka mea kanu incineration e hoʻokō i ka maʻamau EU 2000, E hōʻemi i ka pollution kaiapuni.
Aia i loko o ka ʻōpala ka nui o ka ʻōpala plastik, a maʻalahi ka hoʻomohala pololei ʻana i ka dioxin, kahi carcinogen ikaika.
Inā ha'alele 'ia lākou i ke kaiapuni maoli, ma waho a'e o ka ho'ohaumia 'ana i nā kānaka, e ho'opilikia pū lākou i nā pō'ino i ke kaiapuni.ʻO ka manawa hoʻohaʻahaʻa o nā huahana plastik i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa ma ko mākou ʻāina maʻamau he 200 mau makahiki.ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni mahiʻai ʻōpala a me nā ʻeke plastik ma ka ʻāina mahiʻai e waiho ʻia ma ke kula no ka manawa lōʻihi.Hoʻohui ʻia nā huahana palaka ʻōpala i ka lepo a hōʻiliʻili mau, e hoʻopilikia i ka lawe ʻana o ka wai a me nā meaʻai e nā mea kanu a keʻakeʻa i ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu.ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka hopena i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hua ʻai a me ka pōʻino o ke kaiapuni lepo.2. He mea hooweliweli i ke ola o na holoholona.ʻAi ʻia nā ʻōpala palaka i hoʻolei ʻia ma ka ʻāina a i ʻole nā kino wai e ʻai e nā holoholona, a hiki i ko lākou make.
ʻO nā koholā i make ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana i 80 mau ʻeke plastik (ke kaumaha 8 kg)
ʻOiai he mea ʻino ka ʻōpala plastik, ʻaʻole ia he "heinous".Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kona mana luku me ka haʻahaʻa recycling rate.Hiki ke hana hou a hoʻohana hou ʻia nā plastics e like me nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana i nā plastics, nā mea no ka hana wela a me ka hana mana, e hoʻohuli i ka ʻōpala i waiwai.ʻO kēia ke ala maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā palaka ʻōpala.
05 He aha nā ʻenehana hana hou no nā ʻōpala pala?
ʻO ka hana mua: hōʻiliʻili kaʻawale.
ʻO kēia ka hana mua i ka mālama ʻana i nā palaka ʻōpala, kahi e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻohana ʻana ma hope.
ʻO nā plastik i hoʻolei ʻia i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o nā plastics, e like me nā koena, nā huahana haole a me nā huahana ʻōpala, hoʻokahi ʻano ʻano like ʻole, ʻaʻohe haumia a ʻelemakule, a hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia a hana kaʻawale.
Hiki ke hana hou ʻia kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōpala i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ke kaʻina kaʻa, e like me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni PVC mahiʻai, kiʻi ʻoniʻoni PE, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe uwea PVC.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpala ʻōpala he ʻōpala hui ʻia.Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano paʻakikī o nā plastics, ua hui pū ʻia lākou me nā mea haumia like ʻole, nā lepili a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.
ʻO ka lua o ka ʻanuʻu: ʻokiʻoki a hoʻokaʻawale.
Ke ʻoki ʻia ka palaka ʻōpala, pono ke koho ʻia kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe kūpono e like me kona ʻano, e like me ka mea hoʻokahi, ʻelua-shaft a i ʻole lalo o ka wai crusher e like me kona paʻakikī.'Oko'a ka degere o ka pa'i 'ana e like me ka pono.ʻO ka nui o 50-100mm ʻo ia ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana, ʻo ka nui o 10-20mm ka ʻoki maikaʻi ʻana, a ʻo ka nui ma lalo o 1mm he ʻoki maikaʻi.
Nui nā ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale, e like me ke ʻano electrostatic, ke ʻano magnetic, sieving method, wind method, specific gravity method, flotation method, color separation method, X-ray separation method, near-infrared separation method, etc.
ʻO ke kolu o ka ʻanuʻu: hana hou ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai.
Loaʻa ka ʻenehana hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻōpala i nā ʻano penei:
1. Ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻōpala i hui ʻia
He polyolefins ka nui o nā ʻōpala ʻōpala, a ua aʻo nui ʻia kāna ʻenehana hana hou, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā hopena.
2. Ka hana ʻana i mea ʻilika
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana i nā ʻōpala ʻōpala maʻalahi i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o nā mea ʻilika maka ka ʻenehana hoʻohana hou ʻia, hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā resins thermoplastic.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea palaki i hoʻohana hou ʻia e like me nā mea maka no ka hoʻopili ʻana, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka mahiʻai a me nā mea hana ʻoihana.Hoʻohana nā mea hana like ʻole i ka ʻenehana hoʻomohala kūʻokoʻa i ke kaʻina hana, hiki ke hāʻawi i nā huahana i ka hana kūʻokoʻa.
3. Ka hana ʻana i nā huahana plastik
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mea palaka, ua hoʻokumu pololei ʻia nā ʻōpala ʻōpala like ʻole i nā huahana.ʻO ka maʻamau, he mau huahana bi mānoanoa, e like me nā pā a i ʻole nā pa.
4. Hoʻohana mana wela
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōpala i loko o ka ʻōpala municipal a puhi ʻia e hana i ka mahu a i ʻole ka uila.ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻenehana.ʻO nā kapuahi hoʻoheheʻe e loaʻa nā kapuahi rotary, nā kapuahi paʻa, a me nā kapuahi vulcanizing.ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ke keʻena puhi lua a me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana lapaʻau huelo i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka huelo kinoea o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ikehu ʻōpala i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe.Pono ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolaʻa ʻana i ka wela a me ka ʻōnaehana ikehu uila i mea hana nui i mea e loaʻa ai nā pono waiwai.
5. Hoʻohuhi
Hiki ke 25.08MJ/KG ka waiwai calorific o ka palaka ʻōpala, he wahie kūpono.Hiki ke hana ʻia i wahie paʻa me ka wela like ʻole, akā pono e hoʻomalu ʻia ka ʻike chlorine ma lalo o 0.4%.ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā palaka ʻōpala i ka pauka maikaʻi a i ʻole ka pauka micronized, a laila hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kahi slurry no ka wahie.Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka chlorine i ka ʻōpala, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka wahie i nā kiln sima, etc.
6. Thermal decomposition e hana ai i ka aila
Ke hana nei ka noiʻi ma kēia wahi, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka aila i loaʻa ma ke ʻano he wahie a i ʻole nā mea maka.ʻElua ʻano o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wela: hoʻomau a hoʻopau.ʻO ka mahana decomposition he 400-500 ℃, 650-700 ℃, 900 ℃ (co-decomposition me ka lanahu) a me 1300-1500 ℃ (partal combustion gasification).Ke aʻo ʻia nei nā ʻenehana e like me ka hydrogenation decomposition.
06 He aha kā mākou e hana ai no Mother Earth?
1. Eʻoluʻolu e hoʻemi i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea'ilika hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia, e like me ka papaʻaina plastic, nāʻeke plastik, a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
2. E ʻoluʻolu e komo ikaika i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻōpala, e hoʻokomo i nā plastik ʻōpala i loko o nā pahu hōʻiliʻili recyclable, a i ʻole e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka pūnaewele lawelawe hoʻohui ʻelua.maopopo anei iā ʻoe?No kēlā me kēia tona o nā mea iila ʻōpala i hana hou ʻia, hiki ke mālama ʻia he 6 mau ʻaila a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia he 3 mau kāpona kalapona.Eia hou, he wahi hoʻomanaʻo liʻiliʻi kaʻu e haʻi aku i nā mea a pau: hiki ke hana hou ʻia nā ʻōpala maʻemaʻe, maloʻo, a me ka hoʻohaumia ʻole, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana hou ʻia kekahi mau ʻōpala a hui pū ʻia me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe!No ka laʻana, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻeke plastik i hoʻohaumia ʻia (kiʻiʻoniʻoni), nā pahu meaʻai wikiwiki no ka lawe ʻana, a me nā ʻeke ʻeke hōʻike i hoʻohaumia ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpala maloʻo.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-09-2020