Kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm "kev txwv txiav yas" yuav hloov pauv kev noj cov khoom siv pov tseg, thiab kev lag luam yas degradable tau nce zuj zus.Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom lag luam yas degradable yog pom tseeb.Noj Hainan ua piv txwv, raws li lub Xya hli ntuj xyoo no, 46 tag nrho cov biodegradable yas cov khoom lag luam tau sau npe.Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov neeg coob coob, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom pom kev ua lag luam, "kev txwv yas" thaum kawg yog dab tsi?Dab tsi yog cov yas degradable?Txog qhov kawg no, tus neeg sau xov xwm tau xam phajcov kws tshaj lij..
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Ib lo lus kub tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam yas yog "degradable".Dab tsi yog degradable?Puas yog tag nrho cov yas degradable degraded rau ib puag ncig zoo?
Cov kws tshaj lij:Cov plastics degradable tau hais nyob rau hauv Cov Kev Xav Tau Ntxiv Ntxiv Kev Txhim Kho Kev Tswj Cov Plastic Pollution (tom qab no hu ua Cov Kev Pom Zoo) los yog Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom Txog Kev Txhim Kho Khoom Siv Hauv Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Plastics (hauv qab no hu ua Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom) txhais tau tias cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem ua tiav. degraded thiab ib puag ncig zoo thaum lawv raug tso tseg thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem pov tseg pov tseg raws li cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig.Degradable plastics nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog degradation los ntawm microbial kev ua nyob rau hauv cov xwm, xws li av, xuab zeb av, dej tshiab, seawater ib puag ncig, tej yam kev mob xws li composting los yog anaerobic digestion, thiab nws thiaj li ua tiav degradation rau carbon dioxide (CO2) los yog / thiab Mineralized inorganic ntsev ntawm methane (CH4), dej (H2O) thiab nws cov khoom, thiab cov yas ntawm biomass tshiab xws li microbial tuag lub cev.Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias degradation ntawm txhua yam khoom siv biodegradable, nrog rau cov ntawv, yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev mob ib puag ncig.Yog tias tsis muaj cov xwm txheej degradation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kab mob microorganisms, qhov degradation yuav qeeb heev.Tib lub sijhawm, tsis yog txhua yam khoom siv biodegradable tuaj yeem degrade sai nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig.Yog li ntawd, kev kho cov khoom siv biodegradable yuav tsum tau ua raws li lawv cov kev mob ib puag ncig, ua ke nrog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej los txiav txim seb nws puas yog cov khoom siv biodegradable lossis tsis.
Editor txoj kev xav:
- Ntau tus neeg xav txog cov khoom siv biodegradable, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biodegradable tiag, yog ob yam.Cov neeg xav txog tias cov yas degradable tuaj yeem hloov tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub yam tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo.Tom qab siv, zoo li muaj qhov hloov pauv uas tuaj yeem degrade qhov ntawd hauv ib qho tam sim.Qhov kev degradation no ploj mus ua ntej nws ua phem.
- Tam sim no degradable yas tov, nws cia li pieced ua ke ntau lub tswv yim, uas tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv lub zoo tagnrho lub xeev, lub neej tiag tiag tsis muaj.
Yuav txiav txim seb cov khoom puas tuaj yeem ua biodegradable, thoob ntiaj teb thiab Tuam Tshoj tau tshaj tawm cov txheej txheem kev sim.Vim hais tias degradation muaj feem xyuam rau ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob, cov ntaub ntawv degradable yuav tsum qhia meej txog ib puag ncig uas lawv tuaj yeem degraded tag nrho ntawm cov khoom, thiab qhia meej cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov qauv tsim, cov khoom, cov khoom xyaw thiab lwm yam.Kev siv cov khoom siv degradable tsis tau txhais hais tias cov neeg siv khoom muaj kev ywj pheej pov tseg cov khoom zoo li no.Cov khoom zoo li no yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm thiab rov ua dua tshiab raws li qhov sib xws, xws li cov khoom siv yas, thiab rov siv dua thiab rov siv dua raws li cov kev pov tseg uas tsim nyog (xws li kev siv lub cev, kev siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev siv tshuaj lom neeg xws li composting).Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv pov tseg, rov ua dua thiab pov tseg cov txheej txheem, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ib feem me me ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg kaw yuav raug tso tawm mus rau ib puag ncig, siv cov ntaub ntawv degradable tag nrho, rau qee qhov tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua. kev tiv thaiv.
Editor txoj kev xav:
- "Ib feem me me": Tuam Tshoj 1.200 lab tons ntawm cov yas siv xyoo 2019, 13-300 lab tons ntawm cov yas degradable hauv 2019, yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab cov yas no yog ib feem me me ntawm pawg, yuav ua li cas daws qhov me me ntawm cov teeb meem?Nyuaj.Nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom txiav txim kom raug.Kev kho cov kuab paug yas yog kev siv cov peev txheej, uas yog, lub tswv yim ntawm kev lag luam kaw ntawm kev lag luam ncig.Qhov no yog "ib feem loj" ntawm cov yas, thiab cov kev daws rau "ib feem me" ntawm cov yas yuav tsum tsis txhob yuam kev cuam tshuam rau kev daws "ib feem loj" ntawm cov pa phem plastics, uas yog, kev siv tshuab ua dua tshiab, tshuaj siv dua tshiab, composting thiab hlawv. (siv lub zog).Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem tsis yog cov yas tsis degradable, tab sis cov yas tsis rov siv dua.
- Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm cov yas degradable thiab cov khoom degradable.Cov ntaub ntawv degradable yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom ntuj thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws.Cov ntaub ntawv ntuj tsim los ntawm ntuj, xwm muaj peev xwm haus tau (xws li PHA), thiab microbes nyob rau hauv qhov muaj peev xwm siv lawv los ua zaub mov, decompose thiab zom lawv, uas yog tiag tiag "biological" degradable cov ntaub ntawv.Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob degradable (xws li PBAT \ PCL \ PLA \ PBS), uas yog cov aliphatic polyesters, yuav tsum tau ua qee yam ntawm cov tshuaj decomposition (esterification) rau qee yam ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov kab mob thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv cov khoom tawg. me me molecules, lawv thaum ntxov decomposition, fragmentation plastics yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau dua rau ib puag ncig —— microplastics.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv degradable sib xyaw rau hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub, rau kev rov qab los ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim kev ywj pheej rov ua dua tshiab, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab vim qhov txo qis hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv degradable, cov ntaub ntawv degradable tsis tuaj yeem sau los ntawm nws tus kheej, sib xyaw. nrog cov khoom siv niaj hnub siv lub tshuab ua dua tshiab, yog qhov kev puas tsuaj loj heev.
- Yog vim li cas rau cov pa phem loj ntawm cov tsoos plastics yog qhov system, tib neeg, tus nqi, degradable plastics nyob rau hauv peb cov lus qhia, tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem, tsis tuaj yeem cia siab tias cov plastics degradable los daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem.
- Cov pa phem ntawm cov yas tsoos tsis yog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov yas nws tus kheej, tab sis qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv tsis raug ntawm tib neeg, uas yog teeb meem ntawm kev tswj hwm.Siv ib hom yas los hloov lwm cov yas tsis tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem.
- Tsis muaj cov nroj tsuag rov ua dua tshiab rau cov yas degradable hauv Suav teb, kev ywj pheej rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsum tau tsim, tsis muaj leej twg yuav cov khoom pov tseg degradable, qhov chaw uas cov yas tsis tuaj yeem sau tau, thiab cov yas degradable tsis tuaj yeem sau tau.Tsis tuaj yeem sau tau, cov yas degradable tuaj yeem ua rau ib puag ncig tsis paub meej ntau dua li cov yas yas.
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Puas tuaj yeem biodegradable plastics tuaj yeem siv dua?Yuav ua li cas rov siv dua thiab rov siv dua?Puas yuav biodegradable plastics cuam tshuam qhov rov qab ntawm cov yas zoo tib yam?
Cov kws tshaj lij:Tam sim no cov pej xeem tej zaum yuav muaj ntau qhov kev xav tsis zoo txog cov yas degradable.Ua ntej, qee cov neeg siv khoom yuav yuam kev biodegradable plastics rau degradation thaum siv lossis hauv huab cua, uas tsis yog.Vim tias biodegradable plastics yuav tsum tau biodegradable nyob rau hauv qhov tsim nyog tej yam kev mob xws li kub, av noo thiab kab mob, nws yuav tsis biodegradable thaum siv txhua hnub los yog khaws cia.Qhov thib ob, qee cov neeg siv khoom kuj ntseeg tias biodegradation tshwm sim hauv ib puag ncig, thiab nws tsis yog.Biodegradable plastics muaj qhov sib txawv degradation tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv vim muaj ntau yam sib txawv thiab cov qauv tshuaj sib txawv.Tsis tas li ntawd, degradation kuj yuav tsum tau Yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev mob sab nraud.Tam sim no, feem ntau biodegradable plastics yuav degrade hauv av, dej hiav txwv, compost thiab lwm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov tsim nyog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.Yog li ntawd, nws tau pom zoo tias biodegradable plastics, zoo li cov yas yas, tuaj yeem rov ua dua ua ntej thiab rov qab siv dua tom qab pov tseg, thiab kev siv tshuaj lom neeg los yog tshuaj siv tau raug pom zoo rau cov uas tsis yooj yim rau rov ua dua lossis nyuaj rau rov ua dua.Biodegradable yas yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov yas, nws cov khoom siv thiab rov siv dua yog tib yam li cov yas yas, tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev rov ua dua tshiab, uas yog, yaj rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov ua dua tshiab.Nws tsuas yog vim tias nws yog biodegradable, nws yog cov yas ntau dua tuaj yeem siv tau ntau txoj hauv kev (xws li kev pov tseg cov composting), hauv cov ntawv siv yas zaj duab xis tsis tuaj yeem siv dua.
Editor txoj kev xav:
- Tam sim no cov pej xeem tej zaum yuav muaj ntau qhov kev xav tsis zoo txog cov yas degradable.Thawj biodegradable yas daim ntaub ntawv tam sim no tau siv thoob ntiaj teb los qhwv cov khib nyiab khib nyiab vim nws ua tau raws li peb qhov yuav tsum tau ua: a, nws tau sau nrog cov khoom noj pov tseg es tsis xau rau ib puag ncig.b, nws pab rov qab siv cov khoom noj khoom haus, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.c, nws tsuas yog tso nyiaj rau ib feem me me ntawm cov khoom siv compost, nws yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov khoom siv compost.
- Composting teb yog ib qho chaw rov ua dua tshiab rau kev siv cov peev txheej.Nws yog kev tsim cov chiv, tsis yog cov khoom pov tseg cov yas pov tseg, yog li composting tsis yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem nrog cov khib nyiab yas.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv tshuaj ntawm biodegradable plastics feem ntau yog ester daim ntawv cog lus, uas yooj yim rau degrade alkali los yog kua qaub los yog cawv, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv tshuaj zoo dua qub piv nrog cov yas yas.Los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem monomer rov qab rau cov ntaub ntawv rov qab thiab rov siv dua.Muaj ntau tshaj 160 ntau yam ntawm cov tsoos plastics.Biodegradable plastics, raws li ib tug ntawm lawv, kuj yog me me.Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab, txawm tias tsis muaj cov khoom siv biochemical rov qab los, nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev rov qab los ntawm cov khoom qub qub.Qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem yas yuav tsis ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv loj vim tias muaj ntau hom yas degradable.Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab ntawm tus kheej, xws li PET lub raj mis Muaj cov khoom siv PLA ntau dua hauv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom qhov nyuaj, tab sis PET lub raj mis rov ua dua yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem vim yog siv cov fwj polyester tshiab uas tsis yog degradable xws li cov yas yas. PBT, PIB.Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub sorting system, infrared sorting txoj kev yuav siv tau los cais rov qab.Yog li qhov teeb meem no tsuas yog ib qho kev xav uas qee tus neeg tsis xav txog qhov kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem rov ua dua qub.
Editor txoj kev xav:
1.Degradable mixing yog twv yuav raug hu muaj kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv lub recycle lag luam.Yog hais tias ib tug degradable yas yog tov nyob rau hauv tej tsoos yas, cov complexity ntawm sorting yuav zoo heev thiab cov zoo ntawm regeneration yuav txo tau heev.Tag nrho rov hais dua.(Keeb kwm kev txheeb xyuas cov yas yog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj, tam sim no piav qhia tias koj nyuaj heev, Kuv ntxiv qhov nyuaj me ntsis yog tsis muaj dab tsi, vim tias koj twb nyuaj lawm. Qhov kev piav qhia no, me ntsis American style, vim tias koj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ruaj ntseg, yog li koj cuam tshuam kev ruaj ntseg, Yog li txwv tsis pub koj, qhov kwv yees no yog nyiaj txiag reporter Baidu tuaj tawm, cov kws tshaj lij raws li cov kws tshawb fawb qib kws tshaj lij, yuav tsis hais cov lus no. Kuv yog Peb Baidu ib pliag, muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo li no).
2.PET lub raj mis sorting teeb meem, qhov tseeb, degradable plastics tsis tsim lub raj mis ntim.
3.Chemical rov qab, tsis tshua muaj, tej zaum yuav tsis yog 0.1%.Hauv txoj kev xav, nws tsis cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj rov qab, tab sis nws cuam tshuam rau lub cev rov qab zoo heev.
4. Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, tsuas yog kev xav, qhov tseeb 0.01% yog qhov nyuaj heev.Tsis muaj recycling, tsis muaj recycling cog.
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Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm biodegradable plastics hauv kev faib cov khib nyiab thiab rov ua dua tshiab?Txhawm rau ua kom lub ntsiab lus ntawm biodegradation ntawm biodegradable plastics xav tau ntau dua, cov khib nyiab sorting thiab pov tseg yuav ua li cas?
Cov kws tshaj lij:Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm nws cov qauv tsim thiab kev siv, biodegradable plastics yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm biochemical pov tseg ntawm cov khoom pov tseg thiab lawv siv thiab sib tov nrog cov organic pov tseg, los yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev nyuaj rov qab tom qab siv cov yas zaj duab xis cov khoom.Nws biodegradation muaj nuj nqi tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntau dua.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm tias cov tebchaws tsim kho xws li Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau ua qauv zoo heev hauv kev faib tawm thiab pov tseg cov khib nyiab, qee qhov ntim yas yuav ib txwm ua tsis tau lossis txhob txwm tso tawm rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj.Yog tias qhov no ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm biodegradable plastics, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig.Yog li ntawd, kev siv biodegradable plastics kuj tseem suav tau tias yog kev zam Ib qho kev tiv thaiv kom muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig tom qab cov khib nyiab yas tsis txhob txwm tso tawm sab nraum cov khib nyiab kaw.
Editor txoj kev xav:
Degradation xav tau ib puag ncig, yuav ua li cas cia cov biodegradable plastics tso rau hauv ib puag ncig rau hauv lub cev nrog ib puag ncig degradation, yuav tsum tau tham txog.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev faib cov khib nyiab thiab kev pov tseg hauv Suav teb, kev hloov kho cov mis ntawm biodegradable yas hnab khib nyiab tuaj yeem daws qhov kev nyiam huv ntawm tus kheej los ntawm kev xav tau kom tawg lub hnab kom nquag plias.
Editor txoj kev xav:
Degradable plastics tsuas yog tsim nyog rau kev siv hauv zos, tsis txhob ua qhov muag tsis pom kev, zoo li cov khoom tshiab, tus tsav tsheb tseem tab tom ua tiav, ntau lawm, kev phom sij yuav siv sij hawm 2-3 xyoos los tawg hauv kev xyaum.
Qee cov ntawv ceeb toom hais tias biodegradable plastics tsim cov phom sij thib ob xws li dioxins thaum hlawv piv rau cov khoom siv niaj hnub.Tab sis qhov tseeb, biodegradable plastics yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub, thiab tsis muaj chlorine hauv lawv cov qauv polymer.Dioxin tsis tsim thaum hlawv.Txawm tias cov yas yas, zoo li cov hnab yuav khoom, feem ntau yog cov ntaub ntawv polyethylene.Nws cov saw molecular kuj tsis muaj chlorine, txawm tias hlawv yuav tsis tsim dioxin.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv polyester ntawm biodegradable plastics txiav txim siab tias cov organic carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov saw tseem ceeb yog qis dua li cov khoom siv yas xws li polyethylene, thiab nws yooj yim rau hlawv tag nrho thaum incinerated.Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev txhawj xeeb tias biodegradation Yas tso tawm cov pa phem ntau dua hauv cov chaw pov tseg, tab sis ntau qhov chaw pov tseg niaj hnub tam sim no siv cov khoom siv uas sau cov biogas rau lub zog rov qab thaum lub sij hawm pov tseg.Txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev rov qab los, muaj cov organic pov tseg biogas tso tawm ntsuas.Tsis muaj lub hauv paus rau qhov kev xav tias qhov chaw pov tseg yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau dua, vim tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov yas hauv qhov chaw pov tseg tsawg dua 7 feem pua thiab cov yas biodegradable tam sim no tsawg dua 1 feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv yas.
Editor txoj kev xav:
Tsawg tshaj li 1 tam sim no, tsis tau txhais hais tias nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug vwm peev keeb kwm yav dhau, nws feem yuav tsis sawv, nrog ib tug zoo li qub saib ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm degradable plastics, qhov no yuav tsum tau xav txog.(Tsis zoo li cov kws tshaj lij lawv tus kheej, ntau dua li cov neeg sau xov xwm)
- Landfill yog ib txoj hauv kev pov tseg cov khib nyiab.Dab tsi yog xa mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg yog qhov tseem ceeb kom zam lawv cov pa phem rau ib puag ncig es tsis yog xav txog lawv rov siv dua, yog li nws tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb uas xa mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg yog biodegradable.Qhov tseeb, yog tias muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv biodegradable raug xa mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg ntawm methane gas collection system, nws yuav ua rau muaj kuab paug ntau dua.Vim yog kev kho mob ntawm cov pov tseg degradable, cov paug ib puag ncig yog ntau dua li cov khoom siv yas.
- Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lub tswv yim los daws cov pa phem yas, Teb chaws Europe, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Nyiv tsis siv cov yas degradable raws li lub tswv yim los daws cov pa phem yas, cov yas degradable feem ntau hu ua compostable plastics, tej zaum muaj lub npe raug, cov pej xeem tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo dua cov khoom siv. .
Thaum kawg:Lub hom phiaj ntawm daim ntawv no yog los muab qee cov lus nug uas cov neeg ua lag luam hauv kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov tsim dua tshiab xav muab tso rau tom ntej.Raws li cov kwv tij ua lag luam ntawm cov yas degradable, cov kws tshaj lij uas muaj feem xyuam yog nruj heev, teb cov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm txhua yam ntawm tib neeg, thiab tseem muab cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov yas degradable.Ntau tus tswvcuab yuav tawm tsam cov kev xav no vim tias cov kws tshaj lij qhia qhov tseeb.Editor txoj kev xav, tsis yog rau tus kws tshaj lij txoj kev xav tsis pom zoo, tsuas yog xav pib los ntawm qhov pom tseeb, ua rau kev xav tob, hauv xov xwm loj. tsis tuaj yeem nthuav tawm qhov kev xav, hauv kev tshaj lij kev tshaj lij network, peb siv cov qauv kev xav, Cia siab tias yuav ua rau muaj kev sib tham ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshawb fawb.Kev lag luam ntawm thawj peb tiam ntawm cov yas degradable tau ua tsis tiav, ua rau muaj kev xav tsis zoo rau kev lag luam, vam tias tiam plaub tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-19-2020