Kukweza kotsatizana kwa "pulasitiki yoletsa" kudzasintha kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu zotayidwa, ndipo makampani owonongeka apulasitiki akukula.Kukula kwa mabizinesi owonongeka akupanga pulasitiki ndizodziwikiratu.Kutengera chitsanzo cha Hainan, kuyambira Julayi chaka chino, mabizinesi 46 onse opangidwa ndi pulasitiki osawonongeka adalembetsedwa.Koma pagulu la anthu, chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwona msika, "zoletsa zapulasitiki" pamapeto pake ndi chiyani?Kodi pulasitiki yowonongeka ndi chiyani kwenikweni?Kuti izi zitheke, mtolankhaniyo adafunsaakatswiri oyenerera..
01
Limodzi mwa mawu otentha kwambiri mumakampani apulasitiki ndi "owonongeka".Zowonongeka ndi chiyani?Kodi mapulasitiki onse owonongeka amawonongeka kuti akhale omveka bwino?
Akatswiri:Mapulasitiki owonongeka omwe atchulidwa mu Malingaliro Olimbikitsa Kuwongolera Kuwonongeka kwa Pulasitiki (omwe tsopano akutchedwa Malingaliro) kapena Notice on Solid Progress in the Control of Plastic Pollution (amene pano akutchedwa Notice) amatanthauza kuti zinthu zoterezi zikhoza kukhala kwathunthu. zonyozeka ndi zachilengedwe zomveka pamene iwo anasiyidwa ndi kulowa njira kutaya zinyalala pansi lolingana mikhalidwe chilengedwe.Mapulasitiki owonongeka m'zikalata amatanthauza kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa chachilengedwe m'chilengedwe, monga dothi, dothi lamchenga, malo okhala ndi madzi amchere, chilengedwe chamadzi am'nyanja, zinthu zina monga composting kapena anaerobic digestion, kenako kuwonongeka kwathunthu kukhala carbon dioxide (CO2) kapena / ndi Mineralized inorganic salt of methane (CH4), madzi (H2O) ndi zinthu zake, ndi mapulasitiki a biomass atsopano monga matupi ang'onoang'ono.Tisaiwale kuti kuwonongeka kwa chilichonse biodegradable zakuthupi, kuphatikizapo pepala, amafuna zina zachilengedwe.Ngati zinthu zowonongeka sizipezeka, makamaka moyo wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuwonongeka kudzakhala kochepa kwambiri.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sizinthu zonse zowonongeka zomwe zingathe kuwonongeka mofulumira pansi pa chilengedwe chilichonse.Choncho, chithandizo cha zinthu zowonongeka ziyenera kutengera chilengedwe chawo, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe a zinthuzo kuti adziwe ngati ndi zinthu zowonongeka kapena ayi.
Malingaliro a Editor:
- Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka ndi biodegradable, ndi zinthu zenizeni zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka ndi zinthu ziwiri.Anthu amaganiza kuti mapulasitiki owonongeka amatha kusintha ntchito zonse zamapulasitiki achikhalidwe popanda zovuta zilizonse.Pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito, zikuwoneka kuti pali chosinthira chomwe chingawononge nthawi yomweyo.Kunyozeka kumeneku kwapita kusanawononge.
- Yankho lamakono lapulasitiki lowonongeka, limangophatikiza mfundo zambiri, zomwe zingathe kukhalapo mu chikhalidwe chabwino, moyo weniweni sulipo.
Momwe mungaweruzire ngati zinthu zitha kuwonongeka, zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso China zapereka njira zingapo zoyesera.Chifukwa kuwonongeka kumagwirizana ndi chilengedwe, zinthu zowonongeka ziyenera kuzindikira bwino malo omwe angawonongeke kwambiri pa mankhwala, ndikufotokozera zambiri za miyezo yopangira, zipangizo, zosakaniza ndi zina zotero.Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonongeka sikutanthauza kuti ogula ali ndi ufulu wotaya zinthu zoterezi.Zogulitsa zotere zimayenera kugawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikusinthidwanso mofanana, monga momwe zimakhalira m'mapulasitiki akale, ndi kubwezeretsedwanso ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito molingana ndi njira zoyenera zotayira (kuphatikiza zobwezeretsanso, zobwezeretsanso mankhwala ndi kukonzanso kwachilengedwe monga kompositi).Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotayidwa, zobwezeretsanso ndi kutaya zinyalala, sikungapeweke kuti gawo laling'ono lotsekera zinyalala lidzatsitsidwa mosadziwa ku chilengedwe, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowonongeka kwathunthu, kumlingo wina zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati njira yodzitetezera.
Malingaliro a Editor:
- "Gawo laling'ono": China matani 1.200 miliyoni a pulasitiki mu 2019,13-300 miliyoni matani apulasitiki owonongeka mu 2019, momwe angadziwire kuti mapulasitikiwa ndi a gawo laling'ono la gululi, momwe mungathetsere gawo laling'onoli la vuto?Zovuta.Ndi pafupifupi zosatheka kudziwa molondola.Chithandizo cha kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu, ndiko kuti, lingaliro lachuma chotseka chachuma chozungulira.Ichi ndi "gawo lalikulu" la mapulasitiki, ndipo yankho la "gawo laling'ono" la pulasitiki siliyenera kusokoneza njira yothetsera "gawo lalikulu" la kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki, ndiko kuti, kukonzanso makina, kubwezeretsanso mankhwala, composting ndi kuyaka moto. (gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu).Vuto la kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki sikuti mapulasitiki sawonongeka, koma kuti mapulasitiki sagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
- Choyamba, tiyenera kusiyanitsa mapulasitiki owonongeka ndi zinthu zowonongeka.Zida zowonongeka ziyeneranso kusiyanitsa pakati pa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zipangizo zopangira.Zinthu zachilengedwe zimapangidwa mwachilengedwe, chilengedwe chimakhala ndi mphamvu yowononga (monga PHA), ndipo tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tachilengedwe titha kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati magwero a chakudya, kuwola ndikugaya, zomwe ndi "zachilengedwe" zomwe zimawonongeka.Komabe, mapulasitiki owonongeka (monga PBAT\PCL\PLA\PBS), omwe ali a ma polyesters a aliphatic, amayenera kuwola pang'onopang'ono (esterification) pamlingo wina asanagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi tizilombo ndikupitiliza kuwola. mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono, kuwonongeka kwawo koyambirira, kugawanika kwa mapulasitiki kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe -- microplastics.Kuphatikiza apo, mapulasitiki owonongeka osakanikirana ndi mapulasitiki achikhalidwe, kuti abwezeretsenso mapulasitiki achikhalidwe, zovuta za kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo lodzitchinjiriza, zobwezerezedwanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kusakanikirana kwa zinthu zowonongeka, zinthu zowonongeka sizingasonkhanitsidwe paokha, zosakanikirana. ndi mapulasitiki chikhalidwe dongosolo yobwezeretsanso, ndi tsoka lalikulu.
- Chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa mapulasitiki achikhalidwe ndikuti dongosolo, anthu, mtengo, mapulasitiki owonongeka m'madera atatuwa, palibe njira yothetsera vuto la zowonongeka, sangayembekezere mapulasitiki owonongeka kuti athetse vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki.
- Kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki yachikhalidwe sikuli vuto la pulasitiki palokha, koma vuto la kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndi anthu, lomwe ndi vuto la kasamalidwe.Kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yamtundu umodzi m'malo mwa pulasitiki wina sikungathetse vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki.
- Palibe zomera zobwezeretsanso mapulasitiki owonongeka ku China, njira zodzikongoletsera zodziyimira pawokha ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa, palibe amene amagula zinyalala zapulasitiki zowonongeka, zigawo zomwe mapulasitiki achikhalidwe sangathe kutolera, ndi mapulasitiki owonongeka sangathe kusonkhanitsidwa.Polephera kutolera, mapulasitiki owonongeka amatha kuipitsa chilengedwe mosadziwika bwino kuposa mapulasitiki akale.
03
Kodi mapulasitiki owonongeka akhoza kubwezeretsedwanso?Momwe mungabwezeretse ndikugwiritsanso ntchito?Kodi mapulasitiki osawonongeka akhudza kubwezeretsanso mapulasitiki wamba?
Akatswiri:Tsopano anthu akhoza kukhala ndi malingaliro olakwika angapo okhudza mapulasitiki owonongeka.Choyamba, ogula ena amalakwitsa mapulasitiki owonongeka kuti awonongeke pakagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena mumlengalenga, zomwe siziri.Chifukwa mapulasitiki omwe amatha kuwonongeka ndi biodegradable pamikhalidwe yoyenera monga kutentha, chinyezi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, sangawonongeke pakagwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku lililonse kapena kusungidwa.Chachiwiri, ogula ena amakhulupiriranso kuti biodegradation imapezeka m'malo aliwonse, ndipo si choncho.Mapulasitiki owonongeka amakhala ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana owonongeka pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyana chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala.Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kumafunikanso Kuyenera kukhala ndi mikhalidwe ina yakunja.Pakalipano, mapulasitiki ambiri owonongeka adzawonongeka mu nthaka, madzi a m'nyanja, kompositi ndi malo ena pansi pa kutentha ndi chinyezi.Chifukwa chake, akuti mapulasitiki owonongeka, monga mapulasitiki achikhalidwe, amatha kubwezeretsedwanso kaye kenako ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito pambuyo pa zinyalala, ndipo kukonzanso kwachilengedwe kapena mankhwala kumalimbikitsidwa kwa omwe ndi ovuta kukonzanso kapena ovuta kuwakonzanso.pulasitiki Biodegradable kwenikweni zosiyanasiyana zapadera za mapulasitiki, yobwezeretsanso ake ndi ntchito n'chimodzimodzi ndi mapulasitiki chikhalidwe, akhoza kukhala thupi yobwezeretsanso, ndiye kusungunula yobwezeretsanso ndi reprocessing.Zili choncho chifukwa ndi biodegradable, ndi zambiri Pulasitiki akhoza recycled njira zambiri (monga composting kutaya), mu pulasitiki filimu ntchito sangathenso zobwezerezedwanso.
Malingaliro a Editor:
- Tsopano anthu akhoza kukhala ndi malingaliro olakwika angapo okhudza mapulasitiki owonongeka.Choyamba biodegradable pulasitiki ntchito tsopano ntchito padziko lonse kukulunga zinyalala minda kompositi chifukwa amakwaniritsa zofunika zitatu: a, ndi amasonkhanitsidwa ndi zinyalala chakudya osati zinawukhira chilengedwe.b, kumathandiza kugwiritsanso ntchito chakudya chochuluka, chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino.c, zimangotengera gawo laling'ono kwambiri lazinthu zopangira kompositi, sizikhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pazinthu za kompositi.
- Munda wa kompositi ndi gawo lobwezeretsanso zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.ndi kupanga kompositi, osati malo otayira zinyalala za pulasitiki, kotero kuti kompositi si njira yothetsera zinyalala zamapulasitiki.
Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe kake ka mapulasitiki owonongeka kwambiri ndi ester chomangira, chomwe ndi chosavuta kutsitsa alkali kapena asidi kapena mowa, kotero chikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ndi mankhwala poyerekeza ndi mapulasitiki achikhalidwe.Kupyolera mu kugwiritsa ntchito monomer kuchira njira kwa zinthu kuchira ndi kugwiritsanso ntchito.Pali mitundu yopitilira 160 yamapulasitiki achikhalidwe.Mapulasitiki osawonongeka, monga amodzi mwa iwo, ndi ochepa.Pambuyo kulowa yobwezeretsanso dongosolo, ngakhale palibe composting kwachilengedwenso kuchira, mankhwala kuchira, izo sizidzakhudza kuchira miyambo mapulasitiki.Kuvuta kwa machitidwe apulasitiki achikhalidwe sikungapange kusiyana kwakukulu chifukwa cha mitundu ingapo ya mapulasitiki owonongeka.Makina obwezeretsanso, monga mabotolo a PET Pali zida zambiri za PLA m'dongosolo lobwezeretsanso ndipo ndizotheka kuwonjezera zovuta, koma makina obwezeretsanso mabotolo a PET abweretsanso zovuta chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mabotolo a poliyesitala atsopano osawonongeka monga pulasitiki yachikhalidwe. PBT, PEN.M'masanjidwe amakono, njira yosankhira infrared ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulekanitsa kuchira.Choncho vutoli ndi maganizo subjective kuti anthu ena saganizira luso kusintha koyambirira yobwezeretsanso dongosolo.
Malingaliro a Editor:
Kusakaniza kwa 1.Degradable ndithudi ndi tsoka pamsika wobwezeretsanso.Ngati pulasitiki yowonongeka imasakanizidwa mu pulasitiki yamtundu uliwonse, zovuta za kusanja zidzawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo khalidwe la kusinthika lidzachepetsedwa kwambiri.Kutsindika kobwerezabwereza konse.(Poyambirira kusanja pulasitiki ndi vuto lovuta, tsopano fotokozani kuti ndinu ovuta kwambiri, ndikuwonjezera zovuta pang'ono palibe, chifukwa ndinu ovuta kale. Kufotokozera uku, kalembedwe kakang'ono ka America, chifukwa mungakhudze chitetezo, kotero mumakhudza chitetezo, Kuyerekeza uku ndi mtolankhani wazachuma a Baidu adatuluka, akatswiri oyenerera monga akatswiri azamasinthidwe asayansi, sanganene mawu otero. Ndine Baidu kwakanthawi, palidi zinthu zotere).
Vuto la kusankha botolo la 2.PET, kwenikweni, mapulasitiki owonongeka samatulutsa kuyika mabotolo.
3.Chemical recovery, osowa, sangakhale 0.1%.Mwachidziwitso, sizimakhudza kuchira kwa mankhwala, koma zimakhudza kwambiri kuchira kwa thupi.
4. Biological recycling, chiphunzitso chabe, Ndipotu 0.01% ndizovuta kwambiri.Palibe chobwezeretsanso, palibe chobwezeretsanso.
04
Kodi mapulasitiki osawonongeka ndi otani pagulu la zinyalala ndikubwezeretsanso?Kuti tanthauzo la kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwa mapulasitiki owonongeka awonekere bwino, kodi dongosolo losankhira zinyalala lingachite chiyani?
Akatswiri:Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake, mapulasitiki owonongeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinthu zomwe zimatayidwa komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo ndikusakanikirana ndi zinyalala za organic, kapena ngati kuchira kovutirako pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito filimu yapulasitiki.Ntchito yake ya biodegradation imatha kuwonetsedwa mokwanira.Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, ngakhale ngati maiko otukuka monga ku Ulaya ndi United States akhala akulinganiza kwambiri m’magulu ndi kutaya zinyalala, zolongedza zina zapulasitiki nthaŵi zonse zidzatulutsidwa mosadziwa kapena mwadala kumalo achilengedwe.Ngati gawoli la mankhwalawa litha kusinthidwa ndi mapulasitiki osawonongeka, zitha kuchepetsanso chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe.Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki owonongeka akhoza kuonedwanso ngati kupewa Njira yodzitetezera kuwononga chilengedwe pambuyo poti zinyalala zapulasitiki zatulutsidwa mosadziwa kunja kwa zinyalala zotsekedwa.
Malingaliro a Editor:
Kuwonongeka kumafunikira chilengedwe, momwe angalolere mapulasitiki owonongeka omwe amatulutsidwa m'chilengedwe m'dongosolo ndi malo owonongeka, ayenera kukambidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikusintha kwa zinyalala komanso kutayira ku China, kusintha kwa chikwama cha zinyalala za pulasitiki zomwe zitha kutha kutha kuthetsa vuto laukhondo lomwe limabwera chifukwa chofuna kuthyola thumba mwachangu.
Malingaliro a Editor:
Mapulasitiki owonongeka amangoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'deralo, osakulitsa mwachimbulimbuli, ngati chinthu chatsopano, woyendetsa ndegeyo akadalipo, kupanga misala, ngozi ikhoza kutenga zaka 2-3 kuti iwonongeke.
Malipoti ena amatchula kuti mapulasitiki osawonongeka amatulutsa zoopsa zina monga ma dioxin akawotchedwa poyerekeza ndi mapulasitiki achikhalidwe.Koma kwenikweni, mapulasitiki osawonongeka ndi amodzi mwamapulasitiki achikhalidwe, ndipo palibe chlorine pamapangidwe awo a polima.Dioxin sipangidwa ikawotchedwa.Ngakhale mapulasitiki achikhalidwe, monga matumba ogula wamba, makamaka ndi zinthu za polyethylene.Ma molekyulu ake amakhalanso opanda chlorine, ngakhale atawotchedwa sipanga dioxin.Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe ka poliyesitala ka mapulasitiki owonongeka amadziwikiratu kuti kaboni wa organic pa tcheni chachikulu ndi chocheperako kuposa mapulasitiki achikhalidwe monga polyethylene, ndipo ndikosavuta kuyaka kwathunthu akawotchedwa.Kuphatikiza apo, pali nkhawa kuti biodegradation Pulasitiki imatulutsa mpweya woipa kwambiri m'malo otayirapo, koma malo ambiri otayirapo masiku ano amagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimasonkhanitsa biogas kuti abwezeretse mphamvu panthawi yakutayirako.Ngakhale palibe kuchira, pali lolingana organic zotayira biogas kumasulidwa miyeso.Palibe chifukwa choganiza kuti zotayiramo zitha kukhala zovulaza kwambiri, popeza kuti zolimba zomwe zili m'mapulasitiki m'malo otayirako ndi zosakwana 7 peresenti komanso kuti mapulasitiki owonongeka ndi ochepera pa 1 peresenti ya mapulasitiki achikhalidwe.
Malingaliro a Editor:
Pansi pa 1 tsopano, sizikutanthauza kuti m'malo openga oterowo, gawo lake silidzawuka, ndikuwona kukhazikika kwachitukuko chofulumira cha mapulasitiki owonongeka, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa.(Mosiyana ndi akatswiri okha, monga atolankhani)
- Kutaya zinyalala ndi njira yotayira zinyalala.Zomwe zimatumizidwa kumalo otayirako zinyalala makamaka pofuna kupewa kuipitsidwa kwawo ndi chilengedwe m'malo moganizira za kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwawo, motero sikofunikira kuti zomwe zimatumizidwa kumalo otayirako ziwonongeke.M'malo mwake, ngati zinthu zambiri zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka zikatumizidwa kumalo otayirako gasi wa methane, zitha kuwononga kwambiri.Chifukwa cha chithandizo cha zotayira zowonongeka, kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa mapulasitiki achikhalidwe.
- Mu njira yapadziko lonse lapansi yothetsera zowononga pulasitiki, Europe, United States, Japan sagwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki owonongeka ngati njira yothetsera zowononga pulasitiki, mapulasitiki owonongeka amatchedwa mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi kompositi, mwina ndi dzina lolondola, anthu amatha kumvetsetsa bwino zinthuzo. .
Kumapeto:Cholinga cha pepalali ndikuyika mafunso ena omwe amalonda okhudzana ndi kukonzanso ndi kubwezeretsanso akufuna kuyika patsogolo.Monga m'bale wotsogolera m'munda wa mapulasitiki owonongeka, akatswiri oyenerera ndi okhwima kwambiri, amayankha mozama zamagulu onse a anthu, komanso amaika patsogolo mavuto enieni ogwira ntchito pazitsulo zowonongeka.Ambiri mwa mamembala awo akhoza kutsutsa malingalirowa chifukwa akatswiri amanena zoona.Kuganiza kwa Mkonzi, osati kwa malingaliro a katswiri sagwirizana, kungofuna kuyamba kuchokera ku lingaliro la konkire, kumayambitsa kuganiza mozama, muzofalitsa zambiri. sangathe kufotokoza maganizo, mu akatswiri Intaneti TV, timagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a kuganiza, Chiyembekezo kuyambitsa kukambirana pakati pa akatswiri ndi akatswiri.Kupanga mafakitale kwa mibadwo itatu yoyambirira ya mapulasitiki owonongeka kwalephera, kusiya malingaliro oipa pamakampani, ndikuyembekeza kuti mbadwo wachinayi ukhoza kupambana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-19-2020